3000 years of glass making.
80 miles north of Lisbon is "Marinha Grande" and Stephen's crystal factory. Set amongst beautiful pine forests.
Artisans for more than 3000 years have been making glass by applying intense heat to sand.
The Art of making lead crystal is relatively new . Its discovery generally attributed to an Englishman-named - George Ravenscroft 1632- 1683.
Ravenscroft introduced lead oxide to the raw materials for glassmaking.
As a result it was as brilliant as Rock Crystal , with a greater transparency weight and sonority difference than other forms of glass..
It was baptized "LEAD CRYSTAL" -" Glass with a soul."known to the collector's.
Crystal Glassware is a high quality glassware that does not actually contain crystalline structure.
It's a heavy lead based type of glassware that is often identifiable by the Intricate pattern faceting.
Collector's of glassware can most often recognize what factory each piece of glassware comes from and where it is made.
Little is known about Ravenscroft's personal life.. He was born in 1632. Much is written about the way in which Ravenscroft applied his art of glassmaking and adding Lead.
Unclear , though probably certain that he lived in Venice , Italy. Learning and working as a glassmaker and taking back his techniques to England.
Venitian glass was imported into England as early as the 13th century.
Venitian glass makers were hired in the industry during the 16th century.
It was Ravenscroft however , who introduced this beautiful method of glass making to the world.
John Beare(Englishman) 1748- Started the ROYAL GLASS FACTORY (Real Fabrica de Vidros)in 1748. Known and still known as - MARINHA GRANDE:
In 1769 ..William Stephens, bought the then very small factory and developed it under the protection of the "Marquis de Pombal ". Pombal lent him 80.000 Cruzads(currency of that period) and gave him the right to cut wood in parts of the forest of Marinha Grande, for use in the factory.
He also recognised a demand for building materials after the Earthquake of 1755 and saw a way he could make more lime by using "anthrocite" waste(culm) shipped from England. After which it was produced in Portugal.
Stephens became the richest industrialist in Europe.
In 1826. The factory was given to the state.
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GUILHERME STEPHENS ( WILLIAM STEPHENS)
Born( in England in 1731 - He died in the Stephens family home in Lisbon in 1803(illegitimate)
In 1746 Stephens came to Portugal to join his uncle John Stephens , then a successful established Commercial businessman .. British businessmen were exempt from taxes during this period. They became a very very wealthy family. |
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Lapidated Stephen's red lead crystal (collection. ) |
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In the European Council.On only glass poducts
containing at lest 24% of lead oxide may be referred to
as "Lead Crystal"
Products with less lead oxide or glass products
with other metals used in place of lead oxide
"must "be labeled -
"Crystallin of Crystal Glass" |
A modern "congnac/brandy lead crystal bottle)
made to order at the " Marinha Grande" lead crystal factory.
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collectors piece (stephen's factory) |
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Sketch from stephen's drawings. |
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GREEN LAPIDATED LEAD CRYSTAL "Stephen's factory collector's piece) |
Glass blower
Ravenscroft Crystal
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Ravenscroft Crystal Chandalier. |
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BUST HEAD OF GUILLERME STEPHENS(WILLIAM STEPHENS) at Marinha Grande. |
Lynford Hall.
Lyne Stephens family home.
Decades later the Stephen's fortune passed to his cousin Charles Lyne Stephens.1801-1860
Stephens Lyne- Stephens. was a Tory politician, who represented Barnstaple before the 1832 reform act.
After Inheriting the family fortune from glass manufacture in Portugal in 1858- Stephen's Lyne Stephens became -The High Sheriff of Norfork.
Stephens was said to be the most wealthiest commoner in Britain during that period.
In 2003. Jenifer Roberts wrote a book.
"The strange history of the" Lyne Stephens fortune."
I first found out about the story of Marinha Grande, from a very close friend of mine. Ever since its always fascinated me.
Most of my information has been taken from "Wikipedia" ..
I have tried to relate as accurate as possible.
I love all types of Crystal. When younger having guests around for dinner, always serving after dinner drinks with some excellent Crystal glasses.
Its been a little long this post.. i do hope that I haven't taken too much of your time.
The Portuguese have a long standing history with the British businessmen .Many of the families carrying on the family trait and now belong to our very big Anglo- Portuguese families.
Wishing you all a Happy week.
val